Missing observations are not zeroes
A failed recorder, a masked call, and zero detections are different findings. How effort, flags, and honest gaps protect an observation record.
A quiet recording is not an empty sea
Recording schedules, changing noise, call rates, and detector thresholds shape acoustic non-detections. A worked comparison shows why silence is not a census of absence.
Listening for narwhals in Baffin Bay
What a hydrophone can record about narwhal calls, vessel noise, and uncertainty in a changing soundscape.